Question 1

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-severe diarrhea

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis
B)  respiratory alkalosis
C)  metabolic acidosis
D)  metabolic alkalosis C

Question 2

Which statement concerning the kidneys' response to increased [H⁺] in the body fluids is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)   When [H+] increases, the kidneys conserve HCO3- by reabsorbing more HCO3- and reducing its excretion in the urine.
B)   When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more H+ to be eliminated in the urine.
C)   When [H+] increases, the kidneys secrete more basic phosphate to buffer the H+ in the tubular filtrate.
D)   When [H+] decreases, the kidneys excrete more HCO3- into the urine. C

Question 3

When [H⁺] decreases,the kidneys excrete less HCO₃- into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

As H⁺ increases,K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-compensated respiratory l acidosis

Accepted Answer

A)  [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normal
B)  [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normal
C)  [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] normal
D)  [CO2] decreased below normal,[ HCO3‑] normal
E)  [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normalF) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normalG) [CO2] decreased below normal, [HCO3‑] increased above normalH) [CO2] increased above normal, [HCO3‑] decreased below normalI) [CO2] normal, [HCO3‑] normal

Question 6

Which statement isNOT true for metabolic water?

Accepted Answer

A)   It results from cellular respiration.
B)   It is roughly 15% of daily water input.
C)   Its production increases during times of dehydration to compensate for water loss.

Question 7

The percentage of body water varies from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   blood
B)   skeleton
C)   muscle
D)   adipose

Question 9

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluid will shift from the ICF into the ECF
B)   Fluid will not shift between the ECF and ICF
C)   Fluid will shift from the ECF into the ICF
D)   Fluid will move the solutes out from ICF

Question 11

Which [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios might exist in this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   40/1
B)   10/1
C)   20/2
D)   20/5

Question 12

Bicarbonate ions can combine with free H⁺,removing a source of acidity and opposing acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the acid found in the...

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true for a patient with lung congestion?

Accepted Answer

A)   He would have higher levels of carbonic acid in the blood.
B)   He would have a slower respiratory rate.
C)   He would be making use of chemical buffers to a greater extent.

Question 16

What is the pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567?

Accepted Answer

A)   between 4 and 5
B)   between 5 and 6
C)   between 6 and 7
D)   between 7 and 8

Question 17

Match the buffer system with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-primary intracellular buffer

Accepted Answer

A)  haemoglobin buffer system
B)  phosphate buffer system
C)  protein buffer system
D)  H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true concerning extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   It includes plasma.
B)   It includes interstitial fluid.
C)   It constitutes a greater percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid.

Question 19

Which symptom(s)is/are associated with acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   extreme nervousness
B)   disorientation and coma
C)   "pins and needles" sensations
D)   muscle twitches and muscle spasms

Question 20

On average,____________________% of the body weight consists of H₂O.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average,____________________% of the body weight consists...

Exam 13: Fluid and Acid Base Balance

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -severe diarrhea

Which statement concerning the kidneys' response to increased [H⁺] in the body fluids is INCORRECT?

When [H⁺] decreases,the kidneys excrete less HCO₃- into the urine.

As H⁺ increases,K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels in each of the following situations by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -compensated respiratory l acidosis

Which statement isNOT true for metabolic water?

The percentage of body water varies from person to person.

Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

What will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF?

Which [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios might exist in this condition?

Bicarbonate ions can combine with free H⁺,removing a source of acidity and opposing acidosis.

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.

Which statement is NOT true for a patient with lung congestion?

What is the pH of a solution with a H⁺ concentration of 0.0000567?

Match the buffer system with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -primary intracellular buffer

Which statement is NOT true concerning extracellular fluid?

Which symptom(s) is/are associated with acidosis?

On average,____________________% of the body weight consists of H₂O.