Before Accepting a Defendant's Plea of Guilty or Nolo Contendere

Multiple Choice

Before accepting a defendant's plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (and most state rules) require a trial judge to ascertain _______________.

A) that the plea has been made knowingly and voluntarily
B) that the plea is not the result of force or threats or of promises apart from a plea agreement
C) that there is a factual basis for the plea that has been entered.
D) all of these.