A Formal-Operational Thinker and a Concrete-Operational Thinker Are Both Presented

Multiple Choice

A formal-operational thinker and a concrete-operational thinker are both presented with three beakers containing red liquid and are told that some combination of the liquids will produce a green liquid. How would the manner in which the formal thinker solves the problem most probably differ from that of the concrete thinker?

A) Formal thinkers would do the problem entirely in their head and not actually pour any liquid.
B) The formal thinkers' approach would be significantly more haphazard.
C) Formal thinkers would apply both animism and centration when solving the task.
D) Formal thinkers would be more systematic when combining the liquids and eliminating combinations.