At the End of a 52-Week Study to Determine How

Multiple Choice

At the end of a 52-week study to determine how to help smokers quit, subjects were randomly placed into a nicotine lozenge group or a placebo group.To determine if the randomization was effective, the proportion of males in each group was obtained.The researchers found that 42.9% of the 459 subjects given the nicotine lozenge were males, and 40.2% of the 458 subjects given the placebo were males.Determine the p-value and test decision for determining if the proportion of males in the two groups differed.Use α = 0.05.

A) p-value = 0.601; fail to reject H₀
B) p-value = 0.040; reject H₀
C) p-value = 0.399; reject H₀
D) p-value = 0.399; fail to reject H₀