Does Having Goals Actually Help People to Achieve Things? Does

Multiple Choice

Does having goals actually help people to achieve things? Does it matter if the goals are broad (e.g., 'getting a good education') rather than narrow (e.g., 'getting a good mark on a specific assignment') ?

A) In general, people who have goals do not perform any better than people who don't - regardless of whether the goals are broad or narrow.
B) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't - regardless of whether the goals are broad or narrow.
C) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't - especially if the goals are broad.
D) In general, people who have goals perform better than people who don't - especially if the goals are narrow.