In Litigation Involving a Promoter,one of the Parties Named in a Contract

Multiple Choice

In litigation involving a promoter,one of the parties named in a contract is described as an entity yet to be incorporated.Any statutory protections from contractual liability available to a promoter have been strictly construed by the courts.Accordingly,in these circumstances,the promoter will be bound by personal liability in the eyes of a court finding the absence of which of the following?

A) A specific advantage of a valuable business opportunity exists.
B) A specific provision expressly relieves such liability.
C) The corporation has committed a crime
D) The directing mind has committed a crime