Which of the Following Would Be Represented by a Negative $\text { ? }$

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be represented by a negative value of the random supply shock, υt
$\text { ? }$

A) an irrational wave of pessimism among investors
B) a decrease in government spending
C) oil price decreases resulting from a breakdown in the cartel
D) a decrease in the central bank's inflation target