Mac Is Five Years Old, and His Parents Were Using

Multiple Choice

Mac is five years old, and his parents were using spanking as their only means of discipline. After each spanking, Mac grew increasingly angry and usually took it out on the dog or his two-year-old brother. A counselor suggested other punishment alternatives, such as time-out, as well as encouraging the parents to use praise and rewards more often when Mac was behaving appropriately. According to research, since Mac's parents have changed to less punitive parenting, Mac's level of aggression will most likely

A) decline.
B) remain at the current level since aggressiveness is a part of Mac's innate temperament.
C) remain at the current level because Mac is too old to benefit from a change in parenting styles.
D) increase because Mac's parents will not be able to suppress his misbehavior and aggression using time-out.