Instances Have Occurred in Which Witnesses Described a Criminal as Black

Multiple Choice

Instances have occurred in which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person. Having situations like this would produce

A) the serial position effect.
B) false positives.
C) proactive interference.
D) memory consolidation.