Researchers Showed Different Groups of People Identical Videotape Footage of Hannah

Multiple Choice

Researchers showed different groups of people identical videotape footage of Hannah, a girl who was said to come either from an impoverished background or from a wealthy background. They found that people stereotyped the girl as intellectually inferior when they were led to believe that she came from an impoverished background. However, this stereotype emerged only when participants saw footage of Hannah performing ambiguously on an oral exam. This finding is BEST  explained by the concept of ____.

A) stigma by association
B) confirmation bias
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) scapegoat theory