Research Has Shown That the More Instances of Smoking That

Multiple Choice

Research has shown that the more instances of smoking that adolescents view in movies, the more likely they are to smoke. This is believed to be a result of ____.

A) social pressures to smoke cigarettes
B) a spurious relationship since the actual relationship involves being able to afford cigarettes
C) a spurious relationship, since students who perform poorly are both more likely to smoke and watch movies
D) identification with movie characters