Higgins's (1989) Self-Discrepancy Theory Suggests That We Each Have an "Actual

Multiple Choice

Higgins's (1989) self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an "actual self," an "ought self," and an "ideal self." According to Higgins, discrepancies between the ____ self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of ____.

A) ought; frustration
B) ought; shame
C) ideal; superiority
D) ideal; hostility