James Is a 17-Year-Old Who Lives in an Impoverished Neighborhood

Multiple Choice

James is a 17-year-old who lives in an impoverished neighborhood where the crime rate is very high. He dropped out of school after his father was imprisoned for drug peddling, leaving James responsible for his younger siblings. As a result, James started working for the town's drug lord in order to make ends meet. Based on the concept of anomie , which of the following factors is likely to have led to James's choice of employment?

A) James's physiological attributes
B) The seduction of crime
C) The absence of social norms
D) James's lack of primary education