Arthur Owns a Restaurant in a Neighborhood Controlled by Organized

Multiple Choice

Arthur owns a restaurant in a neighborhood controlled by organized crime. Local merchants often pay "protection" money to gang members in order to avoid risking their businesses. When a gang representative comes to Arthur's restaurant at the beginning of every month, Arthur hands over an envelope full of cash and has a pleasant conversation with the gang member. By Arthur's actions, it would appear as if he has no fear and yet continues to pay money to the gang. What would Levis (1989) suggest about Arthur's apparent nonchalance?

A) If Arthur truly had no fear, he would not continue to pay money to the gang members.
B) Arthur is less fearful as a result of experience.
C) Arthur truly has no fear of the actions of the gang.
D) Both a and b are correct.