Byron, Who Attended a Massage Workshop, Is Less Skilled at Massage

Multiple Choice

Byron, who attended a massage workshop, is less skilled at massage than Salima, who has to massage her ill mother daily. This is an instance in which _____ is less efficient than behavior that has been shaped by _____.

A) rule-governed behavior; natural contingencies
B) contingency-shaped behavior; rules
C) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
D) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement