A Piece of Chalk Placed in the Shade on a Sunny

Multiple Choice

A piece of chalk placed in the shade on a sunny day reflects less light than a black hockey puck placed directly in the sunlight. Yet we perceive the chalk to be brighter than the hockey puck. We can explain this perceptual phenomenon based on the principle of

A) brightness constancy.
B) color constancy
C) relative reflectance.
D) retinal disparity.
E) contrast effects.