Kristina Scored Below Average on an Intelligence Test in 5^th

Multiple Choice

Kristina scored below average on an intelligence test in 5^th grade. As a result, she was held back a year. Her parents and teachers developed low expectations for her. Ultimately, Kristina quit high school and took a low-paying job at a convenience store. This is an example of

A) self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) culturally biased testing.
C) lack of standardization.
D) an unreliable intelligence test.
E) mainstreaming.