Question 1

If you adopt egoism as your moral code, then

Accepted Answer

A)  you can never act honestly or be gracious or helpful to others.
B)  you must endorse hedonism.
C)  you must always avoid any unpleasant or painful experiences.
D)  you believe that it is morally right to do whatever promotes your best interest. D

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately, but in the long run as well.
B)  Utilitarians contend that we can determine with certainty what the future consequences of our present actions will be.
C)  When choosing among possible actions, utilitarianism requires us to disregard our own happiness.
D)  For the hedonistic utilitarian, knowledge, friendship, and aesthetic satisfaction are inherently good. A

Question 3

According to the text, psychological egoism

Accepted Answer

A)  is derived from alleged fact that human beings are by nature selfish creatures.
B)  is the same principle of morality as ethical egoism.
C)  is the view that the best way to promote our own self-interest is to sometimes be selfish.
D)  is based on hedonism. A

Question 4

A supererogatory act is an act that would be good not to do to, but doing it is not absolutely wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Based on the reading, "When is "Everybody's Doing It" a moral justification?, " is ever an occasion when it is morally acceptable to follow others though some would say it is wrong?  Justify your answer either way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the reading, "When is "Everybody's...

Question 6

According to Adam Smith, if business is left to pursue its self-interest, the good of society will be compromised and harmed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The statement that best defines rights is

Accepted Answer

A)  all moral rights are legal rights.
B)  a negative right is a right to receive certain benefits.
C)  a right is an entitlement to act or to have others act in a certain way.
D)  all moral rights are human rights.

Question 8

What is the difference between legal rights and moral rights and between negative rights and positive rights?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between legal rights...

Question 9

"If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcendental imperative.
B)  the categorical imperative.
C)  a hypothetical imperative.
D)  irrational behavior.

Question 10

A key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all duties are prima facie duties.
B)  the moral permissibility of our actions depends entirely upon their consequences.
C)  we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means.
D)  only pleasure has intrinsic value.

Question 11

A hypothetical imperative tells us to act as we would want everyone to act in that situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Imagine a shopkeeper who is honest because being honest is good for business. When the shopkeeper refrains from cheating a customer, Kant would say this action

Accepted Answer

A)  was wrong because its motive was impure.
B)  was in accordance with duty, but not done from duty.
C)  displayed a high level of moral worth.
D)  shows that he was following the categorical imperative.

Question 13

According to Immanuel Kant, lying is never morally permissible. Why does he believe this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Immanuel Kant, lying is never...

Question 14

Utilitarians believe that

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge, friendship, and aesthetic satisfaction are intrinsically valuable (or inherently good) .
B)  we can predict with certainty the future consequences of our actions.
C)  an action that leads to unhappiness is morally right if any other action that you could have performed instead would have brought about even more unhappiness.
D)  an action can't be right if the people who are made happy by it are outnumbered by the people who are made unhappy by it.

Question 15

Rule utilitarians

Accepted Answer

A)  believe that the optimal moral code will not normally produce 100% compliance.
B)  believe that the optimal moral code would consist of only one rule, namely, always act so as to maximize happiness.
C)  assume that everyone will always follow the rules, all the time.
D)  believe that an action is wrong if it fails to maximize happiness.

Question 16

Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which of the following provides a reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interest.
B)  Utilitarianism provides a rigid approach to moral decision making.
C)  Utilitarianism provides a fuzzy standard for formulating and testing policies.
D)  Utilitarianism gives us firm rules to follow, rules that don't permit exceptions.

Question 17

Adam Smith made the point that individual pursuit of self-interest (egoistic conduct), even when subject to rules and constraints, always undermines the utilitarian goal of producing the most good for all.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Human rights have at least four important characteristics. What are these characteristics of human rights?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human rights have at least four important...

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  He defended a consequentialist theory of right and wrong.
B)  He believed that all duties are prima facie duties.
C)  He believed that moral principles rest on empirical data, on observation and experiment.
D)  He believed that reason by itself can reveal the basic principles of morality.

Exam 2: Normative Theories of Ethics

If you adopt egoism as your moral code, then

Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs?

According to the text, psychological egoism

A supererogatory act is an act that would be good not to do to, but doing it is not absolutely wrong.

Based on the reading, "When is "Everybody's Doing It" a moral justification?, " is ever an occasion when it is morally acceptable to follow others though some would say it is wrong? Justify your answer either way.

According to Adam Smith, if business is left to pursue its self-interest, the good of society will be compromised and harmed.

The statement that best defines rights is

What is the difference between legal rights and moral rights and between negative rights and positive rights?

"If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of

A key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that:

A hypothetical imperative tells us to act as we would want everyone to act in that situation.

Imagine a shopkeeper who is honest because being honest is good for business. When the shopkeeper refrains from cheating a customer, Kant would say this action

According to Immanuel Kant, lying is never morally permissible. Why does he believe this?

Utilitarians believe that

Rule utilitarians

Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business. Which of the following provides a reason for this?

Adam Smith made the point that individual pursuit of self-interest (egoistic conduct), even when subject to rules and constraints, always undermines the utilitarian goal of producing the most good for all.

Jeremy Bentham thought that a community is no more than the individuals who compose it and that the interests of the community are simply the sum of the interests of its members.

Human rights have at least four important characteristics. What are these characteristics of human rights?

Which of the following is true regarding Immanuel Kant's beliefs?