According to the Text, There Are Five Essential Elements to the Definition

Multiple Choice

According to the text, there are five essential elements to the definition of punishment. Which of the following is not one of these five elements?

A) There are at least two persons involved.
B) The person who inflicts the punishment causes a certain harm to the person who is being punished.
C) The person who inflicts the punishment has been authorized, under a system of rules or laws, to harm the person who is punished in this particular way.
D) The person who is being punished has been identified and judged by his/her victim.