Sharks and Rays Deal with the Osmotic Stress of Living

Multiple Choice

Sharks and rays deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater mainly by ____.

A) active transport of ions into the body through the gills
B) excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea
C) active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells
D) excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads
E) maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids