Ivan, Who Is 16 Years Old, Has Been Staying Up

Multiple Choice

Ivan, who is 16 years old, has been staying up all night playing online video games and his grades are dropping. As a result, he is grounded by his parents. He is not allowed to play video games, go to his friends' houses, or use his cellphone for one week. His parents' actions illustrate

A) negative reinforcement.
B) positive punishment.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) negative punishment.