Before Studying for the Midterm Exam, Class a Was Told

Multiple Choice

Before studying for the midterm exam, Class A was told to expect a multiple-choice test and Class B was told to expect an essay test. Both classes actually got a multiple-choice test, and Class A performed better on the test. This result is most consistent with the __________ model of memory.

A) levels-of-processing
B) information-processing
C) parallel distributed processing
D) transfer-appropriate processing