Which of the Following Would Encourage Consumers to Economize on Their

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would encourage consumers to economize on their use of healthcare and producers to provide it more efficiently?

A) a reduction in out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures
B) government subsidies that encourage people to purchase health insurance policies with first-dollar coverage and small co-payments
C) Medicare reform that at least partially substituted defined benefits (funds that could be used to pay for healthcare or the purchase of insurance) for the present cost reimbursement system
D) all of the above