Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones:  Steve Forbes Is

Essay

Refinery Worker with History of Kidney Stones:  Steve Forbes is a 52-year-old refinery worker who wrecked his motorcycle on the way to work one morning. He was taken to the emergency room with multiple broken bones, and a CT scan was performed to rule out internal injuries. Incidentally, the results of the CT scan showed that Mr. Forbes had two large stones in his right kidney. After Mr. Forbes's broken bones healed, he underwent surgery to have the kidney stones removed. An analysis of the stones determined that they were calcium oxalate stones. Two years later, Mr. Forbes experienced severe back pain, nausea, and the inability to urinate. He returned to the emergency room for treatment.
-​What are kidney stones and how do they develop?