Question 1

What type of schedule is used to establish new behaviors and is not resistant to extinction (i.e., a continuance of the behavior is unlikely in the absence of reinforcement)?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio schedule 
B) interval schedule 
C) continuous schedule 
D) variable ratio schedule C

Question 2

The element of certainty in a group involves:

Accepted Answer

A) how an individual perceives others. 
B) a person feeling that he/she is in control of his/her life. 
C) confidence in understanding how to behave and interact in situations. 
D) knowing when you are correct and incorrect. C

Question 3

Negative reinforcement is a commonly misunderstood concept. Explain how negative reinforcement works using the A-B-C paradigm of applied behavior analysis, and how negative reinforcement influences future rate of occurrence of the target behavior.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:,A or antecedent: Must be aversive to the individual.B or behavior: A behavior (often intended to escape or avoid the aversive antecedent).C or consequence: The aversive antecedent is withdrawn.Future rate of the occurrence of the behavior is increased.

Question 4

The element of connection involves:

Accepted Answer

A) having the ability to affect positive outcomes in a situation. 
B) fear of being "expelled" from an important group. 
C) how an individual values the input of others. 
D) how one is related to others in the environment.

Question 5

Distinguish between DRO, DRI/DRA, and DRL.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between DRO, DRI/DRA, and DRL....

Question 6

Consider the methods to eliminate behavior discussed in this chapter. Identify one method that you have witnessed implemented successfully by a teacher, and another method you feel was implemented unsuccessfully. Evaluate the teachers' implementation of these strategies and offer constructive feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the methods to eliminate behavior discussed...

Question 7

When there is an unexpected occurrence of a target behavior that had been previously extinguished, it is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery 
B) extinction 
C) overcorrection 
D) shaping

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?

Accepted Answer

A) "You can play outside but afterwards you definitely need to do your homework." 
B) "If you don't go to school today, you need to go to school tomorrow." 
C) "Practice the piano for 45 minutes and then you can go to the movies." 
D) "When you get home, you're in big trouble!"

Question 9

A reinforcement schedule that requires the individual to emit an average number of correct responses to obtain reinforcement is called a(n)________________.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio schedule 
B) interval schedule 
C) response duration schedule 
D) variable ratio schedule

Question 10

Arguments against the use of punishment include the rationale:

Accepted Answer

A) that the individual learns what not to do, rather than what to do. 
B) that it may create a model of aggression and physical control to be emulated by the individual. 
C) that it may inflict pain or hardship on the individual. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 11

According to Hammond, which of the following is NOT one of the levels of culture that affect how we learn and act?

Accepted Answer

A) surface culture 
B) standard culture 
C) shallow culture 
D) deep culture

Question 12

Compare and contrast the different levels of culture discussed by Hammond. Explain how recognition of them in others is important for teachers seeking to modify student behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the different levels of...

Question 13

The element of equity involves all of the following EXCEPT an individual feeling:

Accepted Answer

A) that he/she is equal to others. 
B) that he/she is being treated fairly and justly. 
C) the same as others. 
D) that interactions with others are nonbiased.

Question 14

In art class, Jackie spills paint on the floor and is required to clean up her mess. What type of overcorrection method is this?

Accepted Answer

A) restitutional overcorrection 
B) simple restitution 
C) positive practice overcorrection 
D) response interruption

Question 15

When walking into a room, Jacob repeatedly slams the door each time. After talking to Jacob about his behavior, Mrs. Fergy requires Jacob to repeatedly practice closing the door quietly each time he slams the door. What type of method did Mrs. Fergy use to decrease Jacob's behavior of slamming the door?

Accepted Answer

A) response interruption 
B) restitutional overcorrection 
C) positive practice overcorrection 
D) simple restitution

Question 16

What term describes the delivery of a potential reward before a behavior occurs, in the hope that the behavior will be performed?

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) bribery 
D) positive punishment

Question 17

The element of standing in a group involves how an individual:

Accepted Answer

A) perceives his/her status. 
B) values the input of others. 
C) perceives others. 
D) relates to others.

Question 18

Why are generalized reinforcers considered so useful in applied behavior analysis? Cite at least three reasons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are generalized reinforcers considered so useful...

Question 19

After vandalizing the school by writing on the walls, Serena was required to restore not only the areas of walls that she wrote on, but other areas of the wall as well. What type of method was used to decrease Serena's behavior?

Accepted Answer