Question 1

Explain the basic elements of a multiple baseline across settings design including selection of subject(s), dependent variable(s)and how the dependent and independent variables are implemented.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:,One subject is selected who demonstrates the same target behavior in the different settings. Baseline data are collected in all three settings. As the subject receives intervention in setting 1, settings 2 and 3 continue in baseline phase. When setting 1 reaches criterion performance of the target behavior, then the independent variable is implemented in setting 2. The process is repeated until the subject also receives the independent variable in setting 3. The dependent and independent variables are the same in each setting with the same subject.

Question 2

What term is used to describe when the data path changes predictably for the dependent variable when an intervention is implemented?

Accepted Answer

A) predication 
B) verification 
C) replication 
D) covariance B

Question 3

Which of the following is an advantage of implementing a multiple baseline design?

Accepted Answer

A) possibility of covariance of dependent variables 
B) effects for similar behaviors within the same individual can be demonstrated 
C) there is typically only one intervention phase with each dependent variable 
D) reducing the opportunities to study the functional relationship with each dependent variable B

Question 4

The basic design of a multiple baseline design includes:

Accepted Answer

A) one A-B design where baseline data are simultaneously measured. 
B) an intervention that is applied to multiple behaviors only that are similar in nature but functionally independent. 
C) phases that are introduced with criterion levels that vary. 
D) two or more A-B designs where baseline data are simultaneously measured and the intervention is introduced to one behavior, in one setting, or with one individual at a time.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a critical issue in implementing a multiple baseline across behaviors design?

Accepted Answer

A) selection of an individual who displays multiple behaviors in a single setting 
B) the expectation that different variables will exert different amounts of influence on the dependent variable 
C) selection of a treatment variable that can be expected to produce an independent effect on dependent variables 
D) a consistent recording procedure for each target behavior

Question 6

This occurs when baseline measures change in the same direction as during an intervention phase, although the intervention has not yet been implemented with that dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) covariance 
B) replication 
C) verification 
D) prediction

Question 7

A multiple baseline design should be used in all the following situations EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) when withdrawal designs are not feasible due to ethical concerns. 
B) when there is more than one target behavior, settings, or individual in need of treatment. 
C) when you want to determine the relative effectiveness of more than one treatment on a given behavior. 
D) when the effects of the independent variable cannot be withdrawn or reversed.

Question 8

What are the advantages of a multiple baseline design?

Accepted Answer

A) Withdrawal of treatment is not required. 
B) Sequential implementation of the independent variable parallels the practice of teachers. 
C) Generalization of behavior change is monitored within the design. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

A disadvantage of a multiple baseline across subjects study would be:

Accepted Answer

A) it does not allow the researcher to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention with more than one individual displaying similar needs. 
B) the treatments are not necessarily sufficiently different from each other. 
C) covariance among subjects may emerge if individuals learn from the experiences of other subjects. 
D) the subjects can discriminate the treatment conditions

Question 10

What type of design is used when a withdrawal design no longer is possible or when other behaviors, settings, or individuals emerge that are in need of intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) multiple probe design 
B) alternating treatment design 
C) delayed multiple baseline design 
D) changing criterion design

Question 11

The basic goal of multiple baseline design is:

Accepted Answer

A) a demonstration of a functional relationship between the target behavior and intervention by replicating the intervention effects with two or more behaviors, in two or more settings, or with two or more individuals. 
B) a comparison of the effects of two or more treatments on the same behavior. 
C) to evaluate the effects of a treatment on the gradual increase or decrease of a single target behavior. 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 12

A major advantage to the multiple baseline across settings design is:

Accepted Answer

A) the possibility of multiple treatment interference when the treatments interact is negligible. 
B) the patterns of response vary with the alternating treatment conditions, so there is minimal overlap among data in the conditions. 
C) extraneous variables are easy to control or predict. 
D) generality of intervention effectiveness with the same individual in different settings may be demonstrated.

Question 13

Which is NOT a limitation of the research study involving Derrick?

Accepted Answer

A) Included probes that failed to confirm or refute the generalization of his behavior. 
B) The covariance that occurred during the lunch setting confounds the predicted effectiveness of the intervention. 
C) There was limited follow-up in the study. 
D) The team did not address the home environment.

Question 14

Explain the basic elements of a multiple baseline across behaviors design including selection of subject(s), dependent variable(s), and how the dependent and independent variables are implemented.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the basic elements of a multiple...

Question 15

Which type of design may be used as an adaptation to designs addressing multiple behaviors, settings, or individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) multiple probe design 
B) alternating treatment design 
C) extended multiple baseline design 
D) changing criterion design

Question 16

Critical issues in the implementation of the multiple baseline across settings design include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) selection of settings that are functionally similar but also independent of one another. 
B) a reasonable expectation that the same variables will exert the same influence in each setting. 
C) confidence that the resources and time needed to record data in multiple settings will be maintained throughout the study. 
D) collection of baseline data must be consistently gathered in each instance.

Question 17

After the baseline data are stable, the _______________ would be that there would be no change in the data path for the dependent variables if there was no intervention effect.

Accepted Answer