Caravan Routes and Trade Networks Were Closed to Europeans in the Fourteenth

Multiple Choice

Caravan routes and trade networks were closed to Europeans in the fourteenth century because of

A) conversion of the Mongols to Islam and the rise of the Ottomans.
B) the Black Death.
C) a series of earthquakes in central Asia that closed the roads.
D) the refusal of European rulers to allow merchants to travel to the East.
E) the Crusades.