Question 1

How does a theory differ from a fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  A theory proves how different influences affect a particular phenomenon. 
B)  A theory attempts to explain and give some logical order to observations. 
C)  A theory is a collection of facts about a particular phenomenon. 
D)  A theory shows a relationship among facts about a particular phenomenon. B

Question 2

What is the major objection to the disengagement theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory justifies ageism. 
B)  The theory addresses the diversity of older adults. 
C)  The theory does not clarify the aging process. 
D)  The theory diminishes the self-esteem of the older adult. A

Question 3

The theory that proposes that defects in ribonucleic acid (RNA) protein production cause a progressive decline in the function of all cells is the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

error
The error theory proposes that errors in ribonucleic acid protein synthesis cause changes such as decreased muscle mass,increased body fat,and changes in reproductive function.

Question 4

The nurse would recognize successful aging according to Jung's theory when a long-term care facility resident demonstrates which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resident takes special care to dress for dinner in a manner that pleases his tablemates. 
B)  The resident asks permission to sit on the patio with other residents. 
C)  The resident asks persons in his hall if his television is bothering them. 
D)  The resident wears a large cowboy hat at all times because he likes it.

Question 5

What age-related illnesses are thought to cause the accumulation of free radicals? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Arthritis 
B)  Colon cancer 
C)  Osteoporosis 
D)  Diabetes 
E)  Atherosclerosis

Question 6

A recently widowed woman moved to an assisted living community because of her hypertension and joined a group to learn how to do water color painting with other women her age. Which theory of aging does the nurse assess the patient to be following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jung 
B)  Havighurst 
C)  Erikson 
D)  Newman

Question 7

The nurse emphasizes that the relatively new theory that correlates restricted caloric intake to slowing of the aging process would probably extend the life span of the person, provided that the person __________. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  consistently eats high-nutrient, low-calorie foods 
B)  maintains a regular exercise program 
C)  consumes 2000-3000 mL of fluid a day 
D)  supports the diet with adequate fat-soluble vitamins 
E)  eats only organically grown foods

Question 8

The patient asks the nurse to describe the neuroendocrine theory of aging. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  It relates thyroid function to age-related changes. 
B)  Adrenal corticosteroids inhibit the aging process. 
C)  The stimulation and/or inhibition of the hypothalamus causes age-related changes. 
D)  The adrenal medulla inhibits epinephrine, causing age-related changes.

Question 9

How would an elderly female be most likely to reduce the amount of the free radical lipofuscin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid animal fat 
B)  Take antioxidants daily 
C)  Build muscle mass 
D)  Perform outdoor exercise three times weekly

Question 10

An 80-year-old teaches Sunday school each week and delivers food for Meals on Wheels. What theory of aging would apply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newman's developmental 
B)  The life course 
C)  The activity 
D)  The disengagement

Question 11

The Gene Theory of aging suggests which of the following ?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of a "master gene" prolongs youth. 
B)  Genes interact with each other to resist aging. 
C)  Specific genes target specific body systems to initiate system deterioration. 
D)  The activation of harmful genes initiates the aging process.

Question 12

The theory that identifies an unstable molecule as the causative factor in aging is the _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  free radical 
B)  molecular 
C)  neuroendocrine 
D)  crosslink

Question 13

The biological theory of aging uses a genetic perspective and suggests that aging is a programmed process in which

Accepted Answer

A)  each person will age exactly like those in the previous generation 
B)  a "biological clock" ticks off a predetermined number of cell divisions 
C)  genetic traits can overcome environmental influences 
D)  age-related physical changes are controlled only by genetic factors

Question 14

What is true of the psychosocial theories of aging?

Accepted Answer

A)  They focus on methods to delay the aging process. 
B)  They are directed at decreasing depression in the older adult. 
C)  They are organized to enhance the perception of aging. 
D)  They attempt to explain responses to the aging process.

Question 15

The nurse clarifies that the biologic theory that proposes that aging is based on the using up of a finite number of breaths or heartbeats is the __________ of __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse clarifies that the biologic theory...

Question 16

Which of the following would be selected for a diet high in antioxidants? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Fruits 
B)  Vegetables 
C)  Organ meat 
D)  Folic acid 
E)  Vitamin D

Question 17

A patient uses good health maintenance practices. What aging theory most accurately relates to the patient's practices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wear-and-tear 
B)  Free radical 
C)  Neuroendocrine 
D)  Molecular

Question 18

Which of the following would be considered positive outcomes of Erikson's "life review"? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Wisdom and integrated self-image 
B)  Comparing self with others 
C)  Understanding self and relationships 
D)  Seeking another's opinion of his or her achievement 
E)  Acceptance of self

Exam 2: Theories of Aging