How Is Emigration in the Middle East, Either Temporary or Permanent

Multiple Choice

How is emigration in the Middle East, either temporary or permanent, best described?

A) It mostly follows economic pressures or opportunities, such as the great need for labor on oilfields in countries with small populations.
B) It has primarily been the result of availability and access to the numerous religious shrines in the area.
C) It has been minimal, as all states in the region oppose any and all emigration in order to maintain their population resources.