As the Fed Shifted to a Highly Expansionary Monetary Policy

Multiple Choice

As the Fed shifted to a highly expansionary monetary policy during the second half of 2008, why were banks reluctant to extend loans and make investments?

A) Banks did not have enough excess reserves to extend loans and make investments.
B) The demand for loans was weak and the business climate was uncertain.
C) The rate of return on short-term investments was high, so banks were reluctant to make long-term investments.
D) The interest rate that the Fed pays on excess reserves was maintained at a high rate.