In the American Common Law System, When Does a Judge

Multiple Choice

In the American common law system, when does a judge NOT have to follow precedent?

A) when the precedent is based on improper legal reasoning
B) when a party is improperly represented by an attorney
C) when the judge believes the precedent does not properly interpret the United States Constitution
D) when the precedent is old-fashioned
E) when the precedent is based on improper legal reasoning and when the judge believes the precedent does not properly interpret the United States Constitution