Proof of Stake Based Blockchain Systems Use What Design to Permit

Multiple Choice

Proof of Stake based blockchain systems use what design to permit valid write transactions?

A) A genesis "Stake" node approves or disapproves transactions announced from other nodes
B) Validator nodes each give or pay a stake in order to write transactions, and if malicious, will lose their stake
C) Stakeholders or early product investors host nodes that approve or disapprove transactions from other nodes
D) Every node on the network holds an equal stake, and if malicious, gets flagged for removal