Darley and Gross (1983) Conducted a Study in Which They

Multiple Choice

Darley and Gross (1983) conducted a study in which they asked participants to evaluate the intellectual ability of a nine-year-old named "Hannah." Some participants were led to believe that she came from a high socioeconomic (SES) background; others were led to believe she came from a low SES background. Which of the following statements about this study is accurate?

A) Only for perceivers who actually met the target (i.e., Hannah) in person did expectation influence perceptions.
B) Perceivers' expectations determined the way they behaved toward the target, which in turn influenced the target's behavior.
C) Perceivers' expectations led them to fail to notice clear limitations of the target's actual performance.
D) Perceivers' expectations affected their perceptions of the target's performance, even when that performance was identical across conditions.