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I Say That a White-Crowned Sparrow Sings a Distinctive Dialect

Question 9

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I say that a white-crowned sparrow sings a distinctive dialect because its genes influenced how its song system was assembled, which in turn made dialect learning possible. You say that it sings the song because of the operation of the robust nucleus of the arcopallium, which sends signals to the bird's vocal control apparatus, the syrinx. Who is correct?


A) I am wrong because learning is environmentally determined, not determined by the bird's genes.
B) You are wrong because the bird's vocal apparatus is called the larynx, not the syrinx.
C) We both may be right because our two hypotheses offer two different proximate levels of analysis of dialect singing.
D) We both may be right because our two hypotheses offer two complementary levels of analysis, one proximate and the other ultimate.

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