Question 1

Why would a nurse not withhold treatment a patient required in order to research the effect of the patient's illness in the absence of standard medical treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ethical issue of intervention is less than the standard of care. 
B)  A nurse must consider patient preferences and autonomy. 
C)  Resources should only be allocated to patients that require them. 
D)  The researchable question could not be systematically answered. A

Question 2

If research indicates that a new intervention for a chronic health condition may offer more benefits than an established intervention, it would be unethical to allow a patient who has been educated about both options to continue using the established intervention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

In the process of narrowing a research question, which step most closely follows identification of the research problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identification of variables 
B)  Review of the relevant literature 
C)  Identification of a gap in clinical practice 
D)  Formulation of a hypothesis B

Question 4

A hypothesis states that patient participation in an optional fitness program will change when the types of incentives offered for completion of the program change. What type of relationship is the hypothesis identifying between the variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Associative 
B)  Causal 
C)  Indirect 
D)  Predictive

Question 5

In a study investigating the effect of eating a bowl of oatmeal every day for 30 days on serum cholesterol level, serum cholesterol level is the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The following EBP question includes all of the components of the PICOT model: In females age 18 to 25 diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, how does a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmaceutical therapy compared with pharmaceutical therapy alone affect self-reported anxiety levels after 3 months?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A nurse is using the PICOT model to generate an EBP question about how virtual health education, as compared to face-to-face health education, affects information retention and recall in patients ages 5 to 8 years. Which component of PICOT does information retention and recall represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient condition of interest 
B)  Intervention of interest 
C)  Comparison of interest 
D)  Outcome of interest

Question 8

A study of adults older than 65 years investigated the effect of the use of calming communication techniques by caregivers on the agitation level of patients experiencing stage 2 dementia. The researchers noted that the effectiveness of the calming communication techniques differed based on whether the caregiver was a family member or licensed medical personnel. In this study, what type of variable was the patient-caregiver relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Controlled 
B)  Mediator 
C)  Moderator 
D)  Extraneous

Question 9

Which of the following factors interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediators 
B)  Cofounding variables 
C)  Moderators 
D)  Dependent variables

Question 10

Which of the following is the next to be developed after a nurse researcher identifies an area of concern during practice that could be better understood and result in better clinical outcomes through empirical testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purpose statement 
B)  Research question 
C)  Problem of interest 
D)  Research problem

Question 11

"Patients who are actively engaged in development of their treatment plans will be more likely to adhere to prescribed treatments." In the preceding hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient engagement in treatment plan development 
B)  Patient adherence to prescribed treatments 
C)  Development of treatment plans 
D)  Effectiveness of prescribed treatments

Question 12

The nurse notes that among patients who report dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of self-administered medications, a significant number also self-report that they do not always remember to take the medications at the proper time. An appropriate purpose statement related to this problem could be "to determine if use of an electronic reminder application reduces medication self-administration errors and patient dissatisfaction levels."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Variables that confuse the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable so that the research results do not reflect the true relationship between the variables are what type of variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraneous variables 
B)  Random variables 
C)  Within-group variables 
D)  Control variables

Question 14

In which of the following situations would a replication study be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two case studies report on the use of a new intervention. 
B)  A systematic review reveals a gap in literature about a clinical topic. 
C)  Clinical curiosity sparks interest in finding a new intervention for a clinical problem. 
D)  A pilot study indicates that a new intervention may be more effective than an existing intervention.

Question 15

"Completion of an EBP mentorship program by nurses is associated with changes in nursing practice" is an example of which type of hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex 
B)  Statistical 
C)  Directional 
D)  Nondirectional

Exam 3: Identifying Research Questions

Why would a nurse not withhold treatment a patient required in order to research the effect of the patient's illness in the absence of standard medical treatment?

If research indicates that a new intervention for a chronic health condition may offer more benefits than an established intervention, it would be unethical to allow a patient who has been educated about both options to continue using the established intervention.

In the process of narrowing a research question, which step most closely follows identification of the research problem?

A hypothesis states that patient participation in an optional fitness program will change when the types of incentives offered for completion of the program change. What type of relationship is the hypothesis identifying between the variables?

In a study investigating the effect of eating a bowl of oatmeal every day for 30 days on serum cholesterol level, serum cholesterol level is the independent variable.

A nurse is using the PICOT model to generate an EBP question about how virtual health education, as compared to face-to-face health education, affects information retention and recall in patients ages 5 to 8 years. Which component of PICOT does information retention and recall represent?

Which of the following factors interferes with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?

Which of the following is the next to be developed after a nurse researcher identifies an area of concern during practice that could be better understood and result in better clinical outcomes through empirical testing?

"Patients who are actively engaged in development of their treatment plans will be more likely to adhere to prescribed treatments." In the preceding hypothesis, what is the dependent variable?

Variables that confuse the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable so that the research results do not reflect the true relationship between the variables are what type of variables?

In which of the following situations would a replication study be most appropriate?

"Completion of an EBP mentorship program by nurses is associated with changes in nursing practice" is an example of which type of hypothesis?