Which of the Following Research Studies Would Be Susceptible to the Ecological

Multiple Choice

Which of the following research studies would be susceptible to the ecological fallacy?

A) Observing individuals interacting in a group to determine whether men or women initiate more topic transitions.
B) Analyzing data from colleges on the percentage of minority students and the average amount of financial aid to determine if minority students are more likely than others to receive financial aid.
C) Analyzing data from nations on type of government and rate of voluntary association membership to determine if membership rate is higher in democratic than nondemocratic societies.
D) Interviewing adolescents to see if exposure to violence is related to dropping out of school.
E) Interviewing respondents to see if the racial composition of a neighborhood affects their preferences about where to live.