Sampson and Laub Studied the Effect of Childhood Deviance on Adult

Multiple Choice

Sampson and Laub studied the effect of childhood deviance on adult crime. They found that children who had been committed to a correctional school for persistent delinquency were much more likely to have committed crimes as adults. Which criteria(on) for establishing causality are (is) satisfied in this study?

A) association
B) direction of influence
C) nonspuriousness
D) all of the above
E) a and b