Which Statement Concerning Cowles's Early Work on Succession Is False

Multiple Choice

Which statement concerning Cowles's early work on succession is false?

A) American beach grass was found to act as an ecosystem engineer by trapping sand that provides refuge for other plants.
B) Cowles assumed the principle of "space for time substitution."
C) American beach grass was found to be the dominant plant species in the first stage of succession.
D) Cowles assumed that plant assemblages most distant from the lake's edge were the youngest.