Arturo Was Proud That He Was Called a "Bad Boy

Multiple Choice

Arturo was proud that he was called a "bad boy" by the other students because he talked back to teachers and roughed up other kids. He eventually dropped out of school and joined a gang, where his activities became more serious. Arturo's behavior can best be explained using ______ theory.

A) learning
B) control
C) subcultural
D) labelling