Marta, a First-Year Student at a Large University, Just Arrived

Multiple Choice

Marta, a first-year student at a large university, just arrived on campus. She was pretty sure she knew how to get around the campus, since she had a gone on a tour the previous spring, but, much to her embarrassment, got thoroughly lost several times on her first day, and was late for two classes. For the rest of the week, she carried a map with her, and soon found that she was able to find her way around campus without the map. What characteristic of learning does this demonstrate most clearly?

A) Learning causes a physiological change in the brain.
B) Learning requires some form of reinforcement.
C) Learning is only relatively permanent.
D) Learning leads to changes in behaviors or mental processes.