Which of the Following Is NOT One of Van Swaaningen's

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of Van Swaaningen's reasons for the emergence of global criminology?

A) The need to look beyond Western models in order to understand worldwide changes
B) The challenges to the sovereignty of the nation state brought about by globalization
C) The increasing influence of Western ideals on international agencies
D) The emergence of criminological challenges with a global scope and effect necessitating a shift from traditional levels of analysis