Henry Mintzberg | the Professional Organization

Multiple Choice

Henry Mintzberg | The Professional Organization
Mintzberg first discusses the basic structure and uniqueness of professional organizations and how they differ from machine bureaucracies and innovative organizations. He then presents various forms and models of professional organizations. Finally, he shows how the characteristics of being both democratic and autonomous can lead to favorable as well as unfavorable conditions among professionals.
-In which way does the professional bureaucracy differ from the machine bureaucracy?

A) Its standards originate in self-governing associations outside its own structure.
B) It generates standards through its technostructure.
C) It generates standards enforced by its line managers.
D) It emphasizes the power of office.