In Her Reply, Annabelle Lever Discusses the Relationship Between Certain

Essay

In her reply, Annabelle Lever discusses the relationship between certain policies and increased crime rates. She says that
…policies that may appear on their face to have nothing to do with the racial characteristics of crime - such as urban renewal or government support for home ownership - turn out to explain why some social groups, rather than others, face crime and violence as an everyday part of their lives, and may find themselves tempted to engage in it as a rational strategy for improving their lot in life, or drawn into it through friendship, loneliness, anger, depression, despair.
In your essay, explain what Lever means here. Why might someone think that all this is irrelevant to the ethics of criminal profiling? What argument could they give to this effect? And how might Lever respond?