Which of These Is NOT an Implication of Cleavage Theory

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT an implication of cleavage theory as promoted by Lipset and Rokkan?

A) Cleavages arise from social structural characteristics such as class, religion and geography.
B) Voters should switch parties infrequently.
C) Voters support the party that most closely represents their own policy position.
D) Working class voters are expected to vote for communist, socialist or social democratic parties.