Which of the Following Have Been Observed in Hamsters Trained

Multiple Choice

Which of the following have been observed in hamsters trained in conditioned defeat?

A) Both winners and losers exhibit high levels of glucocorticoids.
B) Hamsters must be provoked before aggression is observed.
C) Winners exhibit more activity in the initial aggressive encounter than losers.
D) Previously defeated hamsters will exhibit submissive behaviors, even with smaller hamsters