Which of the Following Statements Is True About Conditioned Defeat

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true about conditioned defeat?

A) Both the winning and the losing hamsters exhibit high levels of glucocorticoids.
B) Hamsters are generally a social species and must be primed before aggression is observed.
C) Winning hamsters exhibit more activity in the initial aggressive encounter than defeated hamsters.
D) Previously defeated hamsters will exhibit submissive behaviors, even with smaller hamsters.