Nonfunctional Copies of Normal Genes,which Lack Both Introns and Promoters,and

Multiple Choice

Nonfunctional copies of normal genes,which lack both introns and promoters,and are important in estimating evolutionary ages of phylogenetic relationships,are ________.

A) transgenes
B) retrotransposons
C) processed retrogenes
D) processed pseudogenes
E) duplicated pseudogenes