In the Tenth Century, Regional Muslim Rulers Became Independent of the Caliph

Multiple Choice

In the tenth century, regional Muslim rulers became independent of the caliph, relying instead on

A) alliances with Christian powers in order to fend off caliphate interference.
B) the Muslim lack of interest in politics, which allowed the regional rulers to ignore the caliphate.
C) armies of Turkish mercenaries, known as Mamluks, for military support.
D) armies of Christian mercenaries, known as Saracens, for military support.