To What Does the Age of the Castellans, Which Began

Multiple Choice

To what does the age of the castellans, which began around 1000 in France, refer?

A) Upper-class laywomen who helped cultivate the culture of "those who fought," as wives and mothers of vassals and lords
B) Groups of traveling astrologers who predicted that the end of the world would come after the turn of the millennium
C) The development of castella, a new type of armor that was lighter and harder than earlier armor
D) Widespread, virtually independent rule by castellans (the term castellan referred to any man who held a castle)