What Caused Secular Governments in Both Catholic and Protestant Regions

Multiple Choice

What caused secular governments in both Catholic and Protestant regions of Europe to begin to assume the responsibility for public charity?

A) An overall increase in poverty and hardship and the rise of a work ethic that included growing hostility toward the poor
B) Competition between Protestant and Catholic regions over how best to minister to the poor and increase the size of their communities in these contested regions
C) Pressure from the popes and from local rulers who had come to sympathize with the poor and downtrodden in society
D) The discovery and introduction of scientific and quantitative approaches to solving the problem of poverty